MIME 类型
MIME 类型
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 是描述消息内容类型的标准，用来表示文档、文件或字节流的性质和格式。
MIME 消息能包含文本、图像、音频、视频以及其他应用程序专用的数据。
浏览器通常使用 MIME 类型（而不是文件扩展名）来确定如何处理URL，因此 We b服务器在响应头中添加正确的 MIME 类型非常重要。如果配置不正确，浏览器可能会无法解析文件内容，网站将无法正常工作，并且下载的文件也会被错误处理。
语法
MIME 类型通用结构：
type/subtype
MIME 的组成结构非常简单，由类型与子类型两个字符串中间用 / 分隔而组成，不允许有空格。type 表示可以被分多个子类的独立类别，subtype 表示细分后的每个类型。
MIME类型对大小写不敏感，但是传统写法都是小写。
两种主要的 MIME 类型在默认类型中扮演了重要的角色：
text/plain 表示文本文件的默认值。
application/octet-stream 表示所有其他情况的默认值。
常见的 MIME 类型
超文本标记语言文本 .html、.html：text/html
普通文本 .txt： text/plain
RTF 文本 .rtf： application/rtf
GIF 图形 .gif： image/gif
JPEG 图形 .jpeg、.jpg： image/jpeg
au 声音文件 .au： audio/basic
MIDI 音乐文件 mid、.midi： audio/midi、audio/x-midi
RealAudio 音乐文件 .ra、.ram： audio/x-pn-realaudio
MPEG 文件 .mpg、.mpeg： video/mpeg
AVI 文件 .avi： video/x-msvideo
GZIP 文件 .gz： application/x-gzip
TAR 文件 .tar： application/x-tar
类型
描述
典型示例
text
表明文件是普通文本，理论上是人类可读
text/plain, text/html, text/css, text/javascript
image
表明是某种图像。不包括视频，但是动态图（比如动态gif）也使用image类型
image/gif, image/png, image/jpeg, image/bmp, image/webp, image/x-icon, image/vnd.microsoft.icon
audio
表明是某种音频文件
audio/midi, audio/mpeg, audio/webm, audio/ogg, audio/wav
video
表明是某种视频文件
video/webm, video/ogg
application
表明是某种二进制数据
application/octet-stream, application/pkcs12, application/vnd.mspowerpoint, application/xhtml+xml, application/xml, application/pdf
MIME 对照表
媒体类型文件扩展名说明application/msworddoc微软 Office Word 格式（Microsoft Word 97 - 2004 document）application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentdocx微软 Office Word 文档格式application/vnd.ms-excelxls微软 Office Excel 格式（Microsoft Excel 97 - 2004 Workbookapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheetxlsx微软 Office Excel 文档格式application/vnd.ms-powerpointppt微软 Office PowerPoint 格式（Microsoft PowerPoint 97 - 2003 演示文稿）application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentationpptx微软 Office PowerPoint 文稿格式application/x-gzipgz, gzipGZ 压缩文件格式application/zipzip, 7zipZIP 压缩文件格式application/rarrarRAR 压缩文件格式application/x-tartar, tgzTAR 压缩文件格式application/pdfpdfPDF 是 Portable Document Format 的简称，即便携式文档格式application/rtfrtfRTF 是指 Rich Text Format，即通常所说的富文本格式image/gifgifGIF 图像格式image/jpegjpg, jpegJPG(JPEG) 图像格式image/jp2jpg2JPG2 图像格式image/pngpngPNG 图像格式image/tifftif, tiffTIF(TIFF) 图像格式image/bmpbmpBMP 图像格式（位图格式）image/svg+xmlsvg, svgzSVG 图像格式image/webpwebpWebP 图像格式image/x-iconicoico 图像格式，通常用于浏览器 Favicon 图标application/kswpswps金山 Office 文字排版文件格式application/ksetet金山 Office 表格文件格式application/ksdpsdps金山 Office 演示文稿格式application/x-photoshoppsdPhotoshop 源文件格式application/x-coreldrawcdrCoreldraw 源文件格式application/x-shockwave-flashswfAdobe Flash 源文件格式text/plaintxt普通文本格式application/x-javascriptjsJavascript 文件类型text/javascriptjs表示 Javascript 脚本文件text/csscss表示 CSS 样式表text/htmlhtm, html, shtmlHTML 文件格式application/xhtml+xmlxht, xhtmlXHTML 文件格式text/xmlxmlXML 文件格式text/x-vcardvcfVCF 文件格式application/x-httpd-phpphp, php3, php4, phtmlPHP 文件格式application/java-archivejarJava 归档文件格式application/vnd.android.package-archiveapkAndroid 平台包文件格式application/octet-streamexeWindows 系统可执行文件格式application/x-x509-user-certcrt, pemPEM 文件格式audio/mpegmp3mpeg 音频格式audio/midimid, midimid 音频格式audio/x-wavwavwav 音频格式audio/x-mpegurlm3um3u 音频格式audio/x-m4am4am4a 音频格式audio/oggoggogg 音频格式audio/x-realaudioraReal Audio 音频格式video/mp4mp4mp4 视频格式video/mpegmpg, mpe, mpegmpeg 视频格式video/quicktimeqt, movQuickTime 视频格式video/x-m4vm4vm4v 视频格式video/x-ms-wmvwmvwmv 视频格式（Windows 操作系统上的一种视频格式）video/x-msvideoaviavi 视频格式video/webmwebmwebm 视频格式video/x-flvflv一种基于 flash 技术的视频格式
按照内容类型排列的 MIME 类型列表
类型/子类型
扩展名
application/envoy
evy
application/fractals
fif
application/futuresplash
spl
application/hta
hta
application/internet-property-stream
acx
application/mac-binhex40
hqx
application/msword
doc
application/msword
dot
application/octet-stream
*
application/octet-stream
bin
application/octet-stream
class
application/octet-stream
dms
application/octet-stream
exe
application/octet-stream
lha
application/octet-stream
lzh
application/oda
oda
application/olescript
axs
application/pdf
application/pics-rules
prf
application/pkcs10
p10
application/pkix-crl
crl
application/postscript
ai
application/postscript
eps
application/postscript
ps
application/rtf
rtf
application/set-payment-initiation
setpay
application/set-registration-initiation
setreg
application/vnd.ms-excel
xla
application/vnd.ms-excel
xlc
application/vnd.ms-excel
xlm
application/vnd.ms-excel
xls
application/vnd.ms-excel
xlt
application/vnd.ms-excel
xlw
application/vnd.ms-outlook
msg
application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore
sst
application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat
cat
application/vnd.ms-pkistl
stl
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
pot
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
pps
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
ppt
application/vnd.ms-project
mpp
application/vnd.ms-works
wcm
application/vnd.ms-works
wdb
application/vnd.ms-works
wks
application/vnd.ms-works
wps
application/winhlp
hlp
application/x-bcpio
bcpio
application/x-cdf
cdf
application/x-compress
z
application/x-compressed
tgz
application/x-cpio
cpio
application/x-csh
csh
application/x-director
dcr
application/x-director
dir
application/x-director
dxr
application/x-dvi
dvi
application/x-gtar
gtar
application/x-gzip
gz
application/x-hdf
hdf
application/x-internet-signup
ins
application/x-internet-signup
isp
application/x-iphone
iii
application/x-javascript
js
application/x-latex
latex
application/x-msaccess
mdb
application/x-mscardfile
crd
application/x-msclip
clp
application/x-msdownload
dll
application/x-msmediaview
m13
application/x-msmediaview
m14
application/x-msmediaview
mvb
application/x-msmetafile
wmf
application/x-msmoney
mny
application/x-mspublisher
pub
application/x-msschedule
scd
application/x-msterminal
trm
application/x-mswrite
wri
application/x-netcdf
cdf
application/x-netcdf
nc
application/x-perfmon
pma
application/x-perfmon
pmc
application/x-perfmon
pml
application/x-perfmon
pmr
application/x-perfmon
pmw
application/x-pkcs12
p12
application/x-pkcs12
pfx
application/x-pkcs7-certificates
p7b
application/x-pkcs7-certificates
spc
application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp
p7r
application/x-pkcs7-mime
p7c
application/x-pkcs7-mime
p7m
application/x-pkcs7-signature
p7s
application/x-sh
sh
application/x-shar
shar
application/x-shockwave-flash
swf
application/x-stuffit
sit
application/x-sv4cpio
sv4cpio
application/x-sv4crc
sv4crc
application/x-tar
tar
application/x-tcl
tcl
application/x-tex
tex
application/x-texinfo
texi
application/x-texinfo
texinfo
application/x-troff
roff
application/x-troff
t
application/x-troff
tr
application/x-troff-man
man
application/x-troff-me
me
application/x-troff-ms
ms
application/x-ustar
ustar
application/x-wais-source
src
application/x-x509-ca-cert
cer
application/x-x509-ca-cert
crt
application/x-x509-ca-cert
der
application/ynd.ms-pkipko
pko
application/zip
zip
audio/basic
au
audio/basic
snd
audio/mid
mid
audio/mid
rmi
audio/mpeg
mp3
audio/x-aiff
aif
audio/x-aiff
aifc
audio/x-aiff
aiff
audio/x-mpegurl
m3u
audio/x-pn-realaudio
ra
audio/x-pn-realaudio
ram
audio/x-wav
wav
image/bmp
bmp
image/cis-cod
cod
image/gif
gif
image/ief
ief
image/jpeg
jpe
image/jpeg
jpeg
image/jpeg
jpg
image/pipeg
jfif
image/svg+xml
svg
image/tiff
tif
image/tiff
tiff
image/x-cmu-raster
ras
image/x-cmx
cmx
image/x-icon
ico
image/x-portable-anymap
pnm
image/x-portable-bitmap
pbm
image/x-portable-graymap
pgm
image/x-portable-pixmap
ppm
image/x-rgb
rgb
image/x-xbitmap
xbm
image/x-xpixmap
xpm
image/x-xwindowdump
xwd
message/rfc822
mht
message/rfc822
mhtml
message/rfc822
nws
text/css
css
text/h323
323
text/html
htm
text/html
html
text/html
stm
text/iuls
uls
text/plain
bas
text/plain
c
text/plain
h
text/plain
txt
text/richtext
rtx
text/scriptlet
sct
text/tab-separated-values
tsv
text/webviewhtml
htt
text/x-component
htc
text/x-setext
etx
text/x-vcard
vcf
video/mpeg
mp2
video/mpeg
mpa
video/mpeg
mpe
video/mpeg
mpeg
video/mpeg
mpg
video/mpeg
mpv2
video/quicktime
mov
video/quicktime
qt
video/x-la-asf
lsf
video/x-la-asf
lsx
video/x-ms-asf
asf
video/x-ms-asf
asr
video/x-ms-asf
asx
video/x-msvideo
avi
video/x-sgi-movie
movie
x-world/x-vrml
flr
x-world/x-vrml
vrml
x-world/x-vrml
wrl
x-world/x-vrml
wrz
x-world/x-vrml
xaf
x-world/x-vrml
xof
按照文件扩展名排列的 MIME 类型列表
扩展名
类型/子类型
application/octet-stream
323
text/h323
acx
application/internet-property-stream
ai
application/postscript
aif
audio/x-aiff
aifc
audio/x-aiff
aiff
audio/x-aiff
asf
video/x-ms-asf
asr
video/x-ms-asf
asx
video/x-ms-asf
au
audio/basic
avi
video/x-msvideo
axs
application/olescript
bas
text/plain
bcpio
application/x-bcpio
bin
application/octet-stream
bmp
image/bmp
c
text/plain
cat
application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat
cdf
application/x-cdf
cer
application/x-x509-ca-cert
class
application/octet-stream
clp
application/x-msclip
cmx
image/x-cmx
cod
image/cis-cod
cpio
application/x-cpio
crd
application/x-mscardfile
crl
application/pkix-crl
crt
application/x-x509-ca-cert
csh
application/x-csh
css
text/css
dcr
application/x-director
der
application/x-x509-ca-cert
dir
application/x-director
dll
application/x-msdownload
dms
application/octet-stream
doc
application/msword
dot
application/msword
dvi
application/x-dvi
dxr
application/x-director
eps
application/postscript
etx
text/x-setext
evy
application/envoy
exe
application/octet-stream
fif
application/fractals
flr
x-world/x-vrml
gif
image/gif
gtar
application/x-gtar
gz
application/x-gzip
h
text/plain
hdf
application/x-hdf
hlp
application/winhlp
hqx
application/mac-binhex40
hta
application/hta
htc
text/x-component
htm
text/html
html
text/html
htt
text/webviewhtml
ico
image/x-icon
ief
image/ief
iii
application/x-iphone
ins
application/x-internet-signup
isp
application/x-internet-signup
jfif
image/pipeg
jpe
image/jpeg
jpeg
image/jpeg
jpg
image/jpeg
js
application/x-javascript
latex
application/x-latex
lha
application/octet-stream
lsf
video/x-la-asf
lsx
video/x-la-asf
lzh
application/octet-stream
m13
application/x-msmediaview
m14
application/x-msmediaview
m3u
audio/x-mpegurl
man
application/x-troff-man
mdb
application/x-msaccess
me
application/x-troff-me
mht
message/rfc822
mhtml
message/rfc822
mid
audio/mid
mny
application/x-msmoney
mov
video/quicktime
movie
video/x-sgi-movie
mp2
video/mpeg
mp3
audio/mpeg
mpa
video/mpeg
mpe
video/mpeg
mpeg
video/mpeg
mpg
video/mpeg
mpp
application/vnd.ms-project
mpv2
video/mpeg
ms
application/x-troff-ms
mvb
application/x-msmediaview
nws
message/rfc822
oda
application/oda
p10
application/pkcs10
p12
application/x-pkcs12
p7b
application/x-pkcs7-certificates
p7c
application/x-pkcs7-mime
p7m
application/x-pkcs7-mime
p7r
application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp
p7s
application/x-pkcs7-signature
pbm
image/x-portable-bitmap
application/pdf
pfx
application/x-pkcs12
pgm
image/x-portable-graymap
pko
application/ynd.ms-pkipko
pma
application/x-perfmon
pmc
application/x-perfmon
pml
application/x-perfmon
pmr
application/x-perfmon
pmw
application/x-perfmon
pnm
image/x-portable-anymap
pot,
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
ppm
image/x-portable-pixmap
pps
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
ppt
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
prf
application/pics-rules
ps
application/postscript
pub
application/x-mspublisher
qt
video/quicktime
ra
audio/x-pn-realaudio
ram
audio/x-pn-realaudio
ras
image/x-cmu-raster
rgb
image/x-rgb
rmi
audio/mid
roff
application/x-troff
rtf
application/rtf
rtx
text/richtext
scd
application/x-msschedule
sct
text/scriptlet
setpay
application/set-payment-initiation
setreg
application/set-registration-initiation
sh
application/x-sh
shar
application/x-shar
sit
application/x-stuffit
snd
audio/basic
spc
application/x-pkcs7-certificates
spl
application/futuresplash
src
application/x-wais-source
sst
application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore
stl
application/vnd.ms-pkistl
stm
text/html
svg
image/svg+xml
sv4cpio
application/x-sv4cpio
sv4crc
application/x-sv4crc
swf
application/x-shockwave-flash
t
application/x-troff
tar
application/x-tar
tcl
application/x-tcl
tex
application/x-tex
texi
application/x-texinfo
texinfo
application/x-texinfo
tgz
application/x-compressed
tif
image/tiff
tiff
image/tiff
tr
application/x-troff
trm
application/x-msterminal
tsv
text/tab-separated-values
txt
text/plain
uls
text/iuls
ustar
application/x-ustar
vcf
text/x-vcard
vrml
x-world/x-vrml
wav
audio/x-wav
wcm
application/vnd.ms-works
wdb
application/vnd.ms-works
wks
application/vnd.ms-works
wmf
application/x-msmetafile
wps
application/vnd.ms-works
wri
application/x-mswrite
wrl
x-world/x-vrml
wrz
x-world/x-vrml
xaf
x-world/x-vrml
xbm
image/x-xbitmap
xla
application/vnd.ms-excel
xlc
application/vnd.ms-excel
xlm
application/vnd.ms-excel
xls
application/vnd.ms-excel
xlt
application/vnd.ms-excel
xlw
application/vnd.ms-excel
xof
x-world/x-vrml
xpm
image/x-xpixmap
xwd
image/x-xwindowdump
z
application/x-compress
zip
application/zip